Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology

BCL-2 Gene Expression Effect on Haematological Profiles among CML Patients in Ile –Ife. Osun State. Nigeria

Samson Elujoba — 2026-04-01

BCL-2 was the first anti-death gene. A key for oncogenic mechanism in several haematological malignancies, has been attributed to the upregulation of BCL-2 which is caused by numerous mechanisms. The aim of the study is to evaluate the BCL-2 gene mutation by its expression level and the resultant effect on haematological profiles among Chronic Myelogenous Leukemic (CML) patients in Ile Ife. This study was cross-sectional and a total of 100 consenting participants were recruited: 50 known CML patients and 50 control subjects. Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, a Referral Centre for haematologic malignancies, and Seventh Day Adventist Hospital, Ile-Ife, were used as the study centers. Full blood count was done using 3-part haematology auto analyzer (Mindray), while RNA extraction and qPCR Bcl-2 quantification were done using real time PCR equipment. The results obtained from the study shows that there are higher expression levels of the Bcl-2 gene in CML samples compared with control samples, attaining significant p<0.05. Bcl-2 overexpression, suggests that dysregulated Bcl-2 is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of CML. The haematology parameters also shows significant effect of Bcl-2 mutation (p<0.05) as follows: 30% leukocytosis was observed in CML with gene expression compared to normal leukocyte count observed among 43(86%) control and 29(58%) CML with no gene expression. It was noted that more than halve i.e 24% CML with overexpression have anaemia while more than halve i.e.44%CML with no expression and 70%control has normal PCV. The 14% thrombocytosis among the CML with gene expression compared to 2% among the non-expressed CML and 4% among the control is prognostic. The overexpression observed in this study is suggestive of a level that is characteristic of CML patients, and its association with anaemia, leukocytosis and neutrophilia and can be used in the evaluation of the disease and aid in the BCL-2 therapy.

PHYTOCHEMICALS, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF ELEUSINE INDICA

Ibrahim Abubakar — 2026-04-01

Eleusine indica has been consumed for nutrition and management of many diseases including epilepsy, diarrhea, infections, dysentery, influenza, and hypertension. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, nutrients and anti-nutrients composition of ethanol leaves extract of Eleusine indica. Phytochemicals, proximate, and anti-nutrients content of the extract were determined using AOAC method. The levels of minerals in the extract were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometeric method and flame photometeric technique. The extract displayed significant (p < 0.05) amount of steroids (78.75 %), flavonoids (52.10 %), terpenoids (44.14 %), tannins (40.25 %), alkaloids (26.13 %), saponin (34.76 %) and phenols (36.00 %). The significant (p < 0.05) amount of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture content, and carbohydrate observed in the extract was 7.43 %, 6.17 %, 24.60 %, 15.40 %, 13.50 %, and 35.50 %, respectively. The extract contains significant (p < 0.05) amount of magnesium (9.33 mg/100g), sodium (2.66 mg/100g), potassium (3.00 mg/100g), calcium (7.33 mg/100g), iron (4.68 mg/100g), zinc (8.89 mg/100g), and copper (5.48 mg/100g). However, low level of oxalate (2.36 mg/100g), alkaloid (1.42 mg/100g), saponin (3.27 mg/100g), phytate (3.30 mg/100g), and tannin (1.70 mg/100g) was detected in the extract. The ethanol leaves extract of Eleusine indica displayed significant amount of phytochemicals, proximate nutrients, and minerals suggesting its nutritional and therapeutic properties.

Parade Towards Green Revolution: Larvicidal Activity Of Catunaregam Spinosa Against Aedes Aegypti

P.K. Lawrence — 2026-04-01

Dengue is a common vector-borne disease prominent in tropical and subtropical climates. It causes losing of millions of human lives per year around the world. Catunaregam spinosa is an underrated medicinal plant in Sri Lanka which rumored in possessing larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. Present study investigated the toxicity of seed extract of C. spinosa against fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L to provide a scientific validation to the embedded property and to support the ethnobotanical vector control approaches. Mosquito larval cultures exposed to a series of concentrations (75.0, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, 1000.0 mg L^-1) showed concentration dependent mortalities and teratogenic effects after 24 hours. Statistical analysis computed 24 h, LC₅₀ as 233.67 mg L^-1 and LC₉₀ as 659.93 mg L^-1 reporting a moderate larvicidal activity. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, saponins and flavonoids. Presence of butanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecenoic acid and palmitic acid along with 19 compounds were identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. In conclusion, the study unveils a lodged property in an abandoned plant in Sri Lanka whilst supporting the green-revolution and sustainable health system for future developments of bio-larvicides using natural compounds available in C. spinosa.